MGST course outline free essay sample

Without question, you require expertise in a chosen field such as accounting, finance, marketing, or operations management, but knowing what to do and how to do it is not the same thing as getting it done. Your supervisor will judge your performance someday, not on what you know, but rather upon the basis of what you do. Getting things done in organizations requires excellent teamwork and interpersonal skills. Indeed, only when employees develop their people skills are they able to fully realize technical expertise in the pursuit of effectiveness and excellence.COURSE OBJECTIVES By the end of the course, students should develop a good understanding of elf-awareness, from which they gain insight about their own behaviors and the behavior of others. Students also should develop a good understanding of skills necessary for effective interactions with others, in such areas as communications, motivation, teamwork and conflict management. IMPORTANT: This class builds upon any junior course in organizational behavior that you may have taken. We will write a custom essay sample on MGST course outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The goal is to provide you with an opportunity to reflect carefully on a select group of B topics pertinent to working with people at work, and begin to develop associated skills in an experiential classroom environment. For this reason, we will only spend part of our time together discussing the concepts. A significant portion of the class will be reserved for experiential exercises to gain a more practical perspective on these B theories and concepts. As such, you are responsible for reading the assigned text chapters before class.Although I will usually provide a summary of key concepts and theories in class, you are expected to have a strong command of these materials (which will be assessed through the in class quizzes). REQUIRED TEXTBOOK AND/OR MATERIALS David A Wheaten Kim S Cameron. Developing Management Skills, 8th Edition; 201 1. In addition, Powering presentations will be posted on the Blackboard for your convenience. It is my practice to post many more slides than I actually use in class. This is to help summarize the material and prepare you for the quizzes and assignments.Please Bring Your Book To Class! Several class exercises and self-assessments are in the textbook. CONTACTING YOUR INSTRUCTOR Students requiring assistance are encouraged to speak to the instructor during class or during office hours. If you wish to meet with the instructor, lease email the instructor to make an appointment. Students should get into the habit of making and keeping business appointments. PROPER BUSINESS USE OF EMAIL Email is commonly used by students to communicate with their instructor.However, it does limit the effectiveness of the communications and may not be the best way for instructors to answer student questions, especially those requiring an explanation of concepts covered in this course or some personal concerns. Therefore the instructor may request a telephone call or personal meeting. INTERNET ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION DEVICES Any surfing of the Internet during lectures that is not directly related to and approved for class discussion is distracting and strictly prohibited. Additionally, the use of any electronic devices (e. G. , cellular phones) for e- mailing, text-messaging, etc. S not allowed. Please turn OFF your phone before the beginning of each lecture. Class Structure The first 30-60 minutes of class will begin with a brief lecture. The remaining time will involve participation in different activities, such as completing diagnostic questionnaires and experiential class exercises. GRADE DISTRIBUTION Three Take-home Assignments Quiz 1 Quiz 2 30% Group Project Presentation Research participation bonus credit [up to 2%] Total 100% Take-home Assignments There will be THREE take-home assignments two individual and one group assignment.Assignment 1 (10%) is a self-awareness exercise that involves 1) obtaining an outsider perspective on your personal attributes, and 2) comparing your personal attributes to those of a work colleague. Assignment 2 (15%) involves completing a group task outside of class and thereafter documenting key team member roles and team processes that occurred. Assignment 3 (10%) involves creating and executing a performance plan to motivate a colleague on a specific task of interest and reporting on the key findings thereafter. Group Project Presentation The group project presentation is a Movie Analysis Presentation (10% of the final mark).After watching a movie, the group will analyze the material by relating it to topics covered in the course. The list of the movies and topics related to the movies are provided at the end of this outline. The goal is to enhance your skillfulness at recognizing, analyzing, and offering commendations for dealing with practical work situations using management principles and theories. Also, you will practice your oral communication skills. Students will be randomly assigned into groups of 6 (this will be the same group of 6 that works on Assignment 2).It is up to the group to choose the movie and obtain approval by the instructor. Projects Presentation On the last day of class, your team is expected to share your movie analysis findings with your classmates. Aim for a 10 minute formal presentation and then lead a five minute informal discussion with their classmates, answering questions that arise (time permitting). The goal is to become more comfortable presenting ideas in a public forum, a vital skill in any company. You will prepare a 1-2-page summary of your analyses to share With your classmates, and also to assist me with grading your presentation.Your team will be evaluated on presentation skills AND content (I. E. , appropriateness of the analysis, demonstrated through effective application of B theories and principles to understanding the core events of the movie). Normally members of teams will individually receive the marks awarded to the team on this assignment. However, the instructor reserves the right to conduct peer evaluations in cases where a majority of team members believe that a member is failing to perform his or her assigned duties and/or attend team meetings.It is the responsibility of the team to bring problems of this nature to the instructors attention as early as possible in the course to permit corrective action (I. E. Not at, or near, the end of the course when it is too late to permit remedial action to alter the behavior of the individual). Peer evaluations are taken seriously and can and do result in individual students achieving a higher or lower (including failing) grade than other team members of the group. In class Quizzes There is no final exam in this course instead there will be two in-class quizzes. Quiz one is worth 25% and Quiz two is worth 30%.The goal of these quizzes is to test your knowledge and understanding of theories and principles covered in the assigned chapters in the textbook, as well as materials covered in class. As you are responsible for reading up on these materials on your own time, this is an opportunity for you to demonstrate that you have done so successfully. The exam questions will be in multiple- choice form, although the questions will typically require you to think critically (and not just regurgitate definitions). GRADE SCALE The Hackney School of Business endeavourers to ensure consistency of final grades across courses and sections.

The Second To Last Day Of Seventh Grade Essays

The Second To Last Day Of Seventh Grade Essays The Second To Last Day Of Seventh Grade Essay The Second To Last Day Of Seventh Grade Essay Essay Topic: 7th Grade I guess all the emotions started pouring out when the slide show came on. All the girls in my science class started to cry, and my friends Dawn, Mackey,Carlisle and I Just smiled and laughed at the pictures. When class was over, I went to meet up with some of my friends in my next class. I guess that in almost all of our classes all we did was finish any project we had left and hung out with our friends in the classrooms that we were in. In my sixth hour class, my teacher Ms. Eke instructed that we were allowed to go anywhere in the 7th grade hallway, so my friends and I definitely took advantage of hat opportunity. The first thing we did was go downstairs, we need to find Roman Allah insisted. Penny gave me a look saying that she was annoyed. I gave her a cheesy smile that said we should Stool so we didnt have to go and find Roman with Allah. Maid and Arians came running to catch up with us. Whered you guys go!? asked Maid with great curiosity. Arians asked where Chad was, all of us looked around the hall, maybe hes upstairs. said Penny. All of us decided to look for Chad, so we walked up the staircase in the seventh grade hall. As I looked up from walking the first case of stairs I saw y friend Japan, he smiled at me and poked my side. Owl I purpose to see what he would say. He Just smiled, and exaggerated on I smiled back, then I poked his arm, owe! You Minnie! he exaggerated too. Muff poked me first, youre a Minnie! we laughed, Rottener! Penny See you later I said, He smiled, and I walked up the called coming! I replied, last stair case. Ooh! said Penny, as she gave me a cheesy smile. I laughed and shoved her a little, then I walked back into Ms. Ex.s class. All of us sat in a corner and talked for the longest time, we talked about trance and random things like what we might do when we got older, who will live with who, how we would want to die! To you it might seem strange, but to our group, its a really funny thing to think about. When I die, at my funeral, I want you to get down on your knees at my coffin and say, I will avenge you!!! When Mr Young announced that it was time to go outside, my friends and I booked it. We were all very excited to go outside. Our group sat against a wall outside and after we each got a popsicle, we continued our strange conversation. Penny, and a few of my other friends pulled out their yearbooks and we darted going through them. My cousin Jose came and took Pennys yearbook out of her hands. I gasped. No one takes Pennys things! If you mess with Penny, then you get pounded! (l thought he knew that. ) Penny and I started chasing after Jose, when we finally tackled him, Penny grabbed her yearbook and beat the stupid out of Jose, I laughed. Now he knows not to mess with you! after that entertainment the bell rang, I went over to go say bye to Right my other friends, we all hugged and looked forward to tomorrow, and the next day, all looked forward to next year.

Socrates and Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socrates and Euthyphro - Essay Example As Socrates and Euthyphro argue over the definition of piety, we will examine them to find out as to what facts are relevant in this dialogue of Euthyphro. Euthyphro, a priest comes to the court to prosecute his own father, on charges of killing the former’s servant. In this context Socrates (who is in the court because he has been accused of impiety) wanted to find out as to what is really meant by the term piety (or morally good), since Euthyphro, by his own version, is doing an act of piety by defying all conventions and prosecuting his own kin, his father. So Socrates starts by asking Euthyphro the definition of piety, to which Euthyphro says his very act of coming to the court to prosecute his father in order to fight for justice, is piety (first definition). However, Socrates disagrees and tells him, that the act is certainly pious, but does not define the term piety. To explain this in simpler terms we can say take any sentence as an example. When asked to define the term ‘bread’, the sentence ‘this basket contains bread’, may be a correct statement, but certainly does not define the term ‘ bread’. Realizing his mistake Euthyphro then comes forward with the second definition, where he says piety is an act loved by the gods. Here again Socrates intervenes, and tells him that there may be instances where the Gods may disagree amongst themselves. Then the act cannot be pious, since there is no clear consensus between the Gods. The third definition that Euthyphro then puts forward is that acts of piety are loved by all the Gods. After this definition, Socrates puts forward the question â€Å"Is what youre doing pious because it is loved by the gods, or do the gods love what youre doing because what youre doing is pious?†(Cahn, ibid). Here lies the dilemma, that is, if we accept certain act to be pious just because God commanded them to be so, then the distinction between good and bad becomes the

International Trade and Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Trade and Competition - Essay Example Thus organizations usually decide to globalize their operations when they foresee a sufficient profitability in assigning their limited resources to foreign market(s) higher than the expected rate of return from other marketing decisions. iii) The cost of entering the market. Cost may be monetary, time, energy or psychic costs and may arise due to differences in culture and value systems making the product and adaptation cost extremely high, due to the distance, due to high taxation levied by the foreign governments and imposition of tedious rules regulations and procedures by the government of a country thus creating high entry barriers. Countries may differ on their market attractiveness, entry barriers, proximity, culture, rules and regulations and risk factors hence the same organization may have to employ different entry and operation strategies for different countries, also the government policies in the same country may be different for different industries and some products and hence the strategies have to be varied accordingly . Organizations differ in their vision, mission, objectives, competitiveness (strengths and weaknesses), resources and hence the strategies they adopt to face a particular marketing situation. However studying a category of organizations and the international marketing strategies adopted by them helps arrive at few generalizations. The decision maker has to exercise caution in deciding where to generalize and where to discriminate while formulating strategies for the organization s/he is

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-unit 3, question #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-unit 3, question #2 - Essay Example Solar panels are made from special materials, which absorb the heat from the sun. For instance, solar panels have black bottoms, which absorbs heat at a faster and more efficient rate. This heat is used to boil the water that is inside a series of tubes within the solar panel technology, and this water basically traps the energy that lies within the heat(Wright, 2008). In simpler terms, solar energy is able to create energy by collecting heat from the sun, converting the heat into energy through the process of boiling water, and stores this hot water/energy in a tank for later use(Wright, 2008). This energy is then used for the same purposes as energy derived from fossil fuels, including heating a person’s home and running appliances. According to Wright, solar energy is an extremely good alternative to fossil fuels. â€Å"Just 40 minutes of sunlight†¦yields the equivalent energy of a year’s expenditure of fossil fuel†(Wright, 2008). Solar panels do not harm the environment like fossils fuels do because, unlike fossil fuels, solar energy is a natural source which does not trap high amounts of carbon within the environment. An added benefit to solar energy is that it will save money on electric bills for those who utilize it. This economic aspect makes it an attractive option for certain people. Solar panels and solar energy have become a lot more popular in recent years as people become more aware of its overall efficiency. In nations such as America, which uses a lot of energy and resources on a daily basis, utilizing renewable energy is a great way to cut down on humanity’s overall footprint on the environment. Although solar panels may be a bit pricey in terms of the setup, it essentially pays for itself in the amount of money saved on energy because of the fact that, as fossil fuels become more scarce, prices will continue to rise, but the Sun’s existence, on the other hand, is guaranteed for thousands of

Decision Making Processes in Firm Partnerships: Case Study

Decision Making Processes in Firm Partnerships: Case Study Summary of Case Charles Tollison was in the middle of an audit engagement when his managing partner told Charles that he was passed on for the promotion to and audit partner. This was not the first time that he had failed to be promoted to audit partner while at his firm. Charles has very little faith when his managing partner, Linton, said, promised that the following year he would vigorously campaign for Tollisons promotion and call in all the favors owed to him (Knapp, 2014). He was already passed on the position twice and had little faith he would ever get the position. One option Tollison had was to have a permanent position as senior manager with his current employer. The case states that Tollison was easily counted on to answer the more difficult issues that came across his department. One thing that Tollison was not good at was obtaining new clients for the firm. This seems to be a key factor of why Tollison was not promoted this year or even ever. Charles Tollison Qualifications of Partnership Position The methodology of determining if an accountant is qualified for a partnership depends on the firms way of evaluating the accountant. The methodology may be based on quality of work, ability to obtain new clients, or even have a specialized knowledge. The decision will also depend on what the firm needs at that point in time. These decisions are not always fair and the wrong person might be promoted. It seemed that Charles does have excellent quality work and he seems like the go to guy for difficult issues. I do not think personally that he was fully qualified for a partnership position. Quality of work is not the only quality that should be looked at when promoting someone to a partner. Tollisons Firm Fairness is not always possible in all situations, especially in situations where there are limited resources. In this case, the lack of promotion is unfortunate but I dont think unfair. I dont think he had all the qualities needed for this particular firm needed at that point in time. He seemed to be the go to guy for difficult issues that other people couldnt figure out. If he was promoted to a partner he would likely not be able to take on these difficult issues and not help the firm as much as a partner rather than a manager. Yes, it might seem unfair not to get promoted but you also have to think about what is best for the company over all. Evaluation Individuals for Promotion Some criteria that should be looked at when evaluating potential partners is quality of work, ability to obtain new clients, specialized knowledge, interpersonal skills, dedication and commitment to the firm, integrity, ethical behavior, success with difficult assignments, and professional reputation. In my opinion, larger firms main motivation is revenue and how partners can generate revenue with getting new client. I know my boss has told me stories about his friends at bigger Public CPA firms having a requirement to get a certain dollar amount of new revenue by obtaining new clients. If they did not reach this level or new revenue they would be terminated as a partner. To me this is obserb, I know I am not a sales person nor would I want to spend my time finding new clients. I would rather review audits and train the people under me to be good auditors. I think smaller firms would more likely look at dedication to the firm and maybe interpersonal skills. I am sure it is hard for a smaller firm to have constant partner changes so they would look for someone who would be there for the long run. Advantages and Disadvantages of Up or Out Supporters of the up or out promotion policy highlights the vitality created within an organization. Members of the organization are under constant pressure to innovate and improve on an ongoing basis. In theory, this pressure drives people to be better and in turn making the organization better. People who are against up or out promotion policy point out that the self-preservation and competition that up or out policy creates is not always in the best interest of the firm or their clients. That kind of policy may bring in employees that are only focused on the short term and may inadvertently force out employees with valuable skill sets that are important to the firm. I do not think that instilling fear into your employees is the best approach to improve themselves or improve the company.

Gangs in America Essay -- Social Issues

Gangs are very dangerous to everyone in society. â€Å"Gangs are groups of people (mostly young males) who band together for protection and a sense of belonging. The U.S. Department of Justice officially defines a youth gang as a group of young people involved in criminal activity† (Gangs 1). There are about one million gang members in more than 20,00 criminally active gangs in the United States. Also, that group of about one million people, are accountable for up to eighty percent of our nation’s crimes. Since 2005, gangs have nationally added about 200,000 members (Targeting Gangs 1). This is why more action from the community needs to be taken to help with the growing gang-related crimes here in America. To start off, origins of gangs are unclear, but some researchers say that gangs came to America in the early 1800s. These first gangs were in New York and Philadelphia and members of these adult gangs were from the Irish, German, and Italian ethnic groups. Youth gangs did not start to form until after World War II (Opposing Viewpoints Gangs 109-110). Additionally, what kind of people are in gangs? Well first off, there are Latinos, which make up forty-nine percent of gang members'; African Americans, thirty-four percent; White, ten percent; Asian, six percent; and the other one percent is just the other category (â€Å"Facts About Gangs† 109). Also in 1996, according to the National Youth Gang Survey, the members of gangs were fifty percent under eighteen years old and fifty percent were eighteen or older. In that survey during 2006, the number of juveniles dropped to only being thirty-six and a half percent of member, on the other hand, the percentage of adult gang members consisted of sixty-three and a half percent of the gang pop... ...members have, we need to make it possible for them to get these personal benefits without feeling that it is necessary to join a gang. Of course, it's not possible for us to make them be able to get fast money like some of them want (or need) but other things like a sense of belonging or companionship are possible. Knowing about these benefits will make it easier for everyone to be able help out in the stop of gangs. As one can see, it may never be possible that gangs and gang violence will be stopped, but with our help from the community in every city and town it is possible to stop and decrease the large number of gang members and gang-related crimes. Remembering that there are many possibilities for decreasing the population size of gangs in America; such as better alternatives to being in a gang, educational programs, and arrest some hard-core gang members.

Health Improvement Essay

To address this challenge, the world’s governments committed themselves at the United Nations Millennium Summit to the Millennium Development Goals, including the overarching goal of halving extreme poverty by the year 2015. Yet, our planet’s capacity to sustain us is eroding. The problems are well-known – degrading agricultural lands, shrinking forests, diminishing supplies of clean water, dwindling fisheries, and the threat of growing social and ecological vulnerability from climate change and loss of biological diversity. While these threats are global, their impacts are most severe in the developing world – especially among people living in poverty who have the least means to cope. Is this environmental decline inevitable in order for poverty to be reduced? We argue not. Indeed, quite the opposite is true. If we do not successfully arrest and reverse these problems, the world will not be able to meet the Millennium Development Goals, particularly the goal of halving extreme poverty. As this paper demonstrates, tackling environmental degradation is an integral part of effective and lasting poverty reduction. The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) provides the international community with a pivotal opportunity to redirect the global debate, and to forge a more integrated and effective global response to poverty and environmental decline. To succeed, we need to focus on the most important links between poverty, the environment and sustainable development. For many, ensuring sound environmental management means curtailment of economic opportunities and growth, rather than their expansion †¦ too often; it is viewed as a cost rather than an investment. Prepared as a contribution to the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development focuses on ways to reduce poverty and sustain growth by improving management of the environment, broadly defined. It seeks to draw out the links between poverty and the environment, and to demonstrate that sound and equitable environmental management is integral to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, in particular eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, reducing child mortality, combating major diseases, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Four priority areas for sustained policy and institutional change are highlighted: ?Improving governance for pro-poor and pro-environment policies, institutions and services, with particular attention to the needs of women and children; ?Enhancing the assets of the poor and reducing their vulnerability to environment-related shocks and conflict; ?Improving the quality of growth to protect the asset base of the poor and expand opportunities for sustainable livelihoods; ?Reforming international and industrialized country policies related to trade, foreign direct investment, aid and debt. Policy opportunities exist to reduce poverty and improve the environment The environment matters greatly to people living in poverty. The poor often depend directly on natural resources and ecological services for their livelihoods; they are often the most affected by unclean water, indoor air pollution and exposure to toxic chemicals; and they are particularly vulnerable to environmental hazards such as floods and prolonged drought, and to environment-related conflict. Addressing these poverty-environment linkages must be at the core of national efforts to eradicate poverty. Many policy opportunities exist to reduce poverty by improving the environment – but there are significant and often deeply entrenched policy and institutional barriers to their widespread adoption. The past decade of experience since the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio reveals some important lessons that help point the way forward. Three broad lessons are highlighted here: ?First and foremost, poor people must be seen as part of the solution – rather than part of the problem. Efforts to improve environmental management in ways that contribute to sustainable growth and poverty reduction must begin with the poor themselves. Given the right incentives and support – including access to information and participation in decision-making – the poor will invest in environmental improvements to enhance their livelihoods and well-being. At the same time, however, it is essential to address the activities of the non-poor since they are the source of most environmental damage. The environmental quality of growth matters to the poor. Environmental improvement is not a luxury preoccupation that can wait until growth has alleviated income poverty, nor can it be assumed that growth itself will take care of environmental problems over the longer-term as a natural by-product of increasing affluence. First, this ignores the fundamental importance of environmental goods and services to the livelihoods and well-being of the rural and urban poor. Second, there are many examples of how bad environmental management is bad for growth, and of how the poor bear a disproportionate share of the costs of environmental degradation. Ignoring the environmental soundness of growth – even if this leads to short-run economic gains – can undermine long-run growth and its effectiveness in reducing poverty. ?Environmental management cannot be treated separately from other development concerns, but requires integration into poverty reduction and sustainable development efforts in order to achieve significant and lasting results. Improving environmental management in ways that benefit the poor requires policy and institutional changes that cut across sectors and lie mostly outside the control of environmental institutions – changes in governance, domestic economic policy, and in international policies. Improving governance ?Integrate poverty-environment issues into nationally-owned poverty reduction strategies, including macroeconomic and sect oral policy reforms and action programmes, so that they can become national sustainable development strategies. Engage poor and marginalized groups in policy and planning processes to ensure that the key environmental issues that affect them are adequately addressed, to build ownership, and to enhance the prospects for achieving lasting results. Address the poverty-environment concerns of poor women and children and ensure that they are given higher priority and fully integrated into poverty reduction strategies and policy reforms – for example, the growing burden of collecting scarce water and fuelwood supplies, and the effects of long-term exposure to polluted indoor air. Implement anti-corruption measures to counter the role of corruption in the misuse of natural resources and weak enforcement of environmental regulations – for example, the destructive impacts of illegal logging and unregulated mining, or the preference for construction of new power and water investments over increasing the efficiency of existing investments. ?Improve poverty-environment indicators to document environmental change and how it affects poor people, and integrate into national poverty monitoring systems. This should be complemented by measures to improve citizens’ access to environmental information. Enhancing the assets of the poor ?Strengthen resource rights of the poor by reforming the wider range of policies and institutions that influence resource access, control and benefit-sharing, with particular attention to resource rights for women. This includes central and sub-national government, traditional authorities, the legal system, and local land boards, commissions and tribunals. Support decentralization and local environmental management – land, water and forest resource management, and provision of water supply and sanitation services – by strengthening local management capacity and supporting women’s key roles in managing natural resources. ?Expand access to environmentally-sound and pro-poor technology, such as crop production technologies that conserve soil and water and minimize the use of pesticides, or appropriate renewable energy and energy e fficient technologies that also minimize air pollution. This includes support for indigenous technologies, and the need to address the social, cultural, financial and marketing aspects of technical change. ?Promote measures that reduce the environmental vulnerability of the poor by strengthening participatory disaster preparedness and prevention capacity, supporting the formal and informal coping strategies of vulnerable groups, and expanding access to insurance and other risk management mechanisms. Reduce the vulnerability of the poor to environment-related conflict by improving conflict resolution mechanisms in the management of natural resources and addressing the underlying political issues that affect resource access. Improving the quality of growth ?Integrate poverty-environment issues in economic policy and decision-making by strengthening the use of environmental assessment and poverty social impact analysis. Improve environmental valuation at both the macro and micro level, in order to highlight the full cost of environmental deg radation for the poor in particular and the economy in general, and to improve economic decision-making. ?Expand private sector involvement in pro-poor environmental management to maximize the efficiency gains from private sector participation, while safeguarding the interests of the poor. This requires capacity within government to negotiate with the private sector – for example, to ensure that utility privatization benefits the poor – and to forge effective public-private partnerships that enhance the poor’s access to environmental services. ?Implement pro-poor environmental fiscal reform including reform of environmentally-damaging subsidies, improved use of rent taxes to better capture and more effectively allocate resource revenues, and improved use of pollution charges to better reflect environmental costs in market prices. Reforming international and industrialized country policies ?Reform trade and industrialized country subsidy policies to open up markets to developing country imports while avoiding environmental protectionism, and to reduce subsidies that lead to unsustainable exploitation – such as subsidies for large-scale commercial fishing fleets that encourage over-harvesting in developing country fisheries. . Make foreign direct investment more pro-poor and pro-environment by encouraging multinational corporations to comply with the revised OECD Code of Conduct for Multinational Enterprises, and to report on the environmental impact of their activities in line with the UN Environment Programme’s Global Reporting Initiative. ?Increase funding for the Global Environment Facility as the major source of funding for global public goods in the environment, such as a stable climate, maintenance of biodiversity, clean international waters and the protective ozone layer. These benefit the whole world as well as the poor themselves – so the rich world must pay a fair share for their maintenance. ?Enhance the contribution of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to national development objectives by strengthening developing country capacity to participate in the negotiation and implementation of MEAs (for example, to ensure that the Clean Development Mechanism promotes investments that benefit the poor). Also, improved coordination is needed between MEAs so that scarce developing country capacity is used most effectively. ?Encourage sustainable consumption and production – industrialized country consumers and producers through their trade, investment, pollution emissions and other activities affect the environmental conditions of developing countries. Making rich country consumption and production more sustainable will require a complex mix of institutional changes – addressing market and government failures as well as broad public attitudes. Enhance the effectiveness of development cooperation and debt relief with more priority for poverty-environment issues, particularly for the poorest countries where aid and debt relief continue to have a valuable role to play in helping governments to make many of the changes recommended above. Mainstream environment in donor agency operations through staff training, development and application of new skills, tools and approaches, and revisions to the way resources and budgets are allocated. Transparent monitoring of progress against stated objectives and targets is needed in order to hold development agencies accountable and to ensure that a commitment by senior management to addressing poverty-environment issues is put into practice throughout the organization. Conclusion This paper looks ahead with some degree of hope and optimism for the future – there are sometimes win-win opportunities, and there are rational ways of dealing with trade-offs. Environmental degradation is not inevitable, nor the unavoidable result of economic growth. On the contrary, sound and equitable environmental management is key to sustained poverty reduction and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. There are significant policy opportunities to reduce poverty and improve the environment, but more integrated and pro-poor approaches are needed. The World Summit on Sustainable Development is an opportunity to focus on what is most important and to forge a coherent framework for action, with clear goals and achievable targets backed-up by adequate resources and effective and transparent monitoring mechanisms. There can be no more important goal than to reduce and ultimately eradicate poverty on our planet. PART 1 Why the Environment Matters to People Living in Poverty â€Å"Water is life and because we have no water, life is miserable† (Kenya) â€Å"We think the earth is generous; but what is the incentive to produce more than the family needs if there are no access roads to get produce to a market? † (Guatemala) â€Å"In the monsoons there is no difference between the land in front of our house and the public drain. You can see for yourself† (India) In their own words, the environment matters greatly to people living in poverty. Indeed, poor people’s perceptions of well-being are strongly related to the environment in terms of their livelihoods, health, vulnerability, and sense of empowerment and ability to control their lives. Figure 1 provides a simplified framework for understanding how environmental management relates to poverty reduction, and why these poverty-environment linkages must be at the core of action to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and related national poverty eradication and sustainable development objectives. Environmental management for poverty reductionDimensions of povertyDevelopment goals Part 1 of the paper focuses on the poverty-environment relationship by examining how environmental conditions in both rural and urban settings relate to three key dimensions of human poverty and well-being: ?Livelihoods – poor people tend to be most dependent upon the environment and the direct use of natural resources, and therefore are the most severely affected when the environment is degraded or their access to natural resources is limited or denied; Health – poor people suffer most when water, land and the air are polluted; ?Vulnerability – the poor are most often exposed to environmental hazards and environment-related conflict, and are least capable of coping when they occur. We also are concerned with the relationship between growth and the environment and how it affects the poor and efforts to reduce poverty. The environmental soundness of growth matters considerably to the poor, and countries with similar levels of income and growth can have quite different levels of environmental performance. While Figure 1 illustrates the main pathways between environmental conditions and dimensions of poverty, in reality these linkages are multi-dimensional, dynamic and often inter-connected: ?Poverty is now widely viewed as encompassing both income and non-income dimensions of deprivation – including lack of income and other material means; lack of access to basic social services such as education, health and safe water; lack of personal security; and lack of empowerment to participate in the political process and in decisions that influence one’s life. The dynamics of poverty also are better understood, and extreme vulnerability to external shocks is now seen as one of its major features. Environment refers to the biotic and abiotic components of the natural world that together support life on earth – as a provider of goods (natural resources) and ecosystem services utilized for food production, energy and as raw material; a recipient and partial recycler of waste products from the economy; and an important source of recreation, beauty, spiritual values and other amenities. The nature and dynamics of poverty-environment linkages are context-specific – reflecting both geographic location and economic, social and cultural characteristics of individuals, households and social groups. Different social groups can prioritize different environmental issues (Brocklesby and Hinshelwood, 2001). In rural areas, poor people are particularly concerned with their access to and the quality of natural resources, especially water, cro p and grazing land, forest products and biomass for fuel. For the urban poor, water, energy, sanitation and waste removal are key concerns. Poor women regard safe and physically close access to potable water, sanitation facilities and abundant energy supplies as crucial aspects of well-being, reflecting their primary role in managing the household. ?Environmental management, as used in this paper, extends well beyond the activities of public environmental institutions. In relation to poverty, environmental management is concerned fundamentally with sustaining the long-term capacity of the environment to provide the goods and services upon which people and economies depend. This means improving environmental conditions and ensuring equitable access to environmental assets – in particular land and biological resources, and safe and affordable water supply and sanitation – in order to expand poor people’s livelihood opportunities, protect their health and capacity to work, and reduce their vulnerability to environment-related risks. This broader conception of poverty and environment, and of environmental management, is essential to understanding the linkages between them and to identifying appropriate policy and institutional options for improving these linkages. There have been some impressive gains since the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment – the first global conference devoted to environment and development issues. There has been a proliferation of environmental policies and institutions at national and sub-national levels, and environmental issues are firmly placed on the agendas of governments, civil society and the private sector. Major global environmental agreements have been forged and global environmental organizations established. Environmental sustainability has become a core concern of bilateral and multilateral development cooperation, and billions of dollars have been spent on environment-related programmes and projects. Tangible progress also has been achieved ‘on the ground’, although the picture is usually mixed. For example, in the 1990s some 900 million people gained access to improved water sources. However, this was merely enough to keep pace with population growth, and about 1. 2 billion people are still without access to improved water sources, with rural populations particularly under-served (Devarajan et al, 2002). Another example is the productivity of soil used for cereal production, which increased on average in developing countries from 1979-81 to 1998-2000. However, it fell in some 25 countries, most of them in Africa, with land degradation being one factor behind the decline (World Bank, 2002c). Despite these gains, pressure on the environment continues to mount worldwide, posing major challenges to the prospects for poverty reduction and human development in developing countries, in particular the least developed countries.

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation Definition

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation Definition The Henderson Hasselbalch equation is an approximate equation that shows the relationship between the pH or pOH of a solution and the pKa or pKb and the ratio of the concentrations of the dissociated chemical species. In order to use the equation, the acid dissociation constant must be known. Equation There are multiple ways to write the equation. Two of the most common are: pH pKa log ([conjugate base]/[weak acid]) pOH pKa log ([conjugate acid]/[weak base]) History An equation to calculate the pH of a buffer solution was derived by Lawrence Joseph Henderson in 1908. Karl Albert Hasselbalch rewrote this formula in logarithmic terms in 1917. Sources Hasselbalch, K. A. (1917). Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensure desselben, und die Sauerstoffbindung des Blutes als Funktion der Wasserstoffzahl. Biochemische Zeitschrift. 78: 112–144.Henderson, Lawrence J. (1908). Concerning the relationship between the strength of acids and their capacity to preserve neutrality. Am. J. Physiol. 21: 173–179.

Free Essays on Oedipus Vs Odysseus

Oedipus vs. Odysseus A true hero, and a cursed. How can one compare two people and call them hero’s without ever thinking about all the things that they have been through. Many people, time after time have argued that these men were just simple men, doing what they needed to do, to get what they wanted. I must mention that I disagree, because these men, although maybe not having any outstanding physical or supernatural characteristics, still endured, and lived through a hard and cursed time, where they were not liked, and someone was prosecuting them. Odysseus, with Poseidon, the god of the great oceans. And Oedipus, with the people of Thebes, and his own wretched destiny. Poseidon went against Odysseus, for his arrogance and his attitude towards the gods. The people of Thebes went against Oedipus, because he killed King Laà ºos (his own father), and he slept with his mother (and Laà ºos’ wife). His destiny followed him, because he was cursed from the moment he was born. The gods never gave him a chance, and when h e tried to run away from his fate, he ended up fulfilling it. Oedipus and his tragedy. Oedipus Rex was an orphan boy, who believed he was part of the Royal Family of Corinth, and he was granted the Kingship of Thebes, when he solved the mighty riddle of the Sphinx. This alone was not his main act of heroism and it could be argued that it doesn’t even get close to the tests that he had to endure in order to survive, after he faced his fate and his judgment. The god’s sadistically and childishly set Oedipus up to never have any good (long-term) chances in life. They only gave him 18 or 20 years of true peace, until he then killed his father and married his mother. Then the chaos was bottled, and held in until someday, the truth would be set free, and the outcome would hail the destruction of Oedipus. He was only a man, who was once abandoned, and mistreated by life who was raised to be a strong and perf... Free Essays on Oedipus Vs Odysseus Free Essays on Oedipus Vs Odysseus Oedipus vs. Odysseus A true hero, and a cursed. How can one compare two people and call them hero’s without ever thinking about all the things that they have been through. Many people, time after time have argued that these men were just simple men, doing what they needed to do, to get what they wanted. I must mention that I disagree, because these men, although maybe not having any outstanding physical or supernatural characteristics, still endured, and lived through a hard and cursed time, where they were not liked, and someone was prosecuting them. Odysseus, with Poseidon, the god of the great oceans. And Oedipus, with the people of Thebes, and his own wretched destiny. Poseidon went against Odysseus, for his arrogance and his attitude towards the gods. The people of Thebes went against Oedipus, because he killed King Laà ºos (his own father), and he slept with his mother (and Laà ºos’ wife). His destiny followed him, because he was cursed from the moment he was born. The gods never gave him a chance, and when h e tried to run away from his fate, he ended up fulfilling it. Oedipus and his tragedy. Oedipus Rex was an orphan boy, who believed he was part of the Royal Family of Corinth, and he was granted the Kingship of Thebes, when he solved the mighty riddle of the Sphinx. This alone was not his main act of heroism and it could be argued that it doesn’t even get close to the tests that he had to endure in order to survive, after he faced his fate and his judgment. The god’s sadistically and childishly set Oedipus up to never have any good (long-term) chances in life. They only gave him 18 or 20 years of true peace, until he then killed his father and married his mother. Then the chaos was bottled, and held in until someday, the truth would be set free, and the outcome would hail the destruction of Oedipus. He was only a man, who was once abandoned, and mistreated by life who was raised to be a strong and perf...

The Art in Parkour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Art in Parkour - Essay Example Belle began Parkour when he was fifteen, and claims it was inspired by the ideas of the French physician George Hebert, who promoted the 'methode naturelle' (Grimsley 1961) of medical treatment. This focused on the pure benefits of exercise over other methods like drug treatment for simple illnesses and injuries. Belle took these principles and used them in his own fitness regime, which turned quickly into something of a post-modern art form in itself (Gire 2006). Post-modern art takes many ideas on board, but the main feature of this art form that is embodied in Parkour is the aspect of realism through another medium: "Reality itself founders in hyperrealism, the meticulous reduplication of the real, preferably through another, reproductive medium, such as photography" (Harrison et al 2003). Post-modern art deals with new and fresh takes on the reality all around us in the world. The question with Belle and Parkour is simple; is freerunning actually an art or merely a sport that has been copied by followers across the world Van Esterik, Van Esterik and Miller describe an artist as someone who "may be revered and wealthy as individuals or groups, or stigmatized and economically marginal." (Van Esterik et al 2001). Overall, artists must use unique concepts or create new ideas from reality or already established forms of art; in this Belle certainly did succeed and can therefore be thought of as an artist and Parkour as the ultimate in post-modern art. Miles notes how the "forms and spaces of the city are at the heart of academic enquiry across a number of disciplines from architecture and planning to geography, sociology, cultural and media studies" (2000). People like David Belle and his followers have been enthralled by the stark reality that is the inner city, and this is what Parkour is based upon fundamentally (Pinch 2004). A similar remark can be made about skateboarding and its use of the city space in such a comprehensive, post-modern way. Iain Borden explains how skateboarders have taken a new l ook at their surroundings and discovered how to interact with them and take a real interest in all the elements of the city they live in. Borden challenges his readers to adopt the same way of thinking and to take a more hands on approach to the spaces in which they live (Borden 2001). Nevertheless, it must be noted that Parkour is a dangerous art form, and many of its practitioners have sustained injury from its execution; Josephson mentions reknown Parkour practitioner Cris Burden in this vein, since he was the type of artist not only to use Parkour to express himself but other forms of self harm that were thought life threatening and uniquely shocking to American society (Josephson 1996). In fact, Parkour seems to attract the sort of artists looking for innovative and entirely shocking ways of drawing attention both to themselves and their ideas about societal ills. To overcome these dangers, a freerunner must posses "a good pair of sneakers, cat burglarlike agility and a lot of courage" (Washington Times 2004). So what do freerunners feel they are getting out of Parkour The opinions are varied and very interesting to researchers like Western Mail writers who comment on how the art form is "graceful and strict" (2005) at the same time. Piers Hernu remarks that the jumps involved are difficult and dangerous, something

IBM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IBM - Essay Example The company and employees welcome change as the main driver of success and profitability. IBM has 32 leaders responsible for certain organizational activities and performance. Customers and technology are the primary driving factors in this arena. Customers want products that satisfy their needs or improve their productivity. IBM looks for ways to deliver these benefits at a lower cost, smaller size, and higher speed. Operating within an industry with this kind of rapid change presents several challenges for personal computer and notebooks, namely production costs, intellectual property owners, and monopolies. In general, IBM is one of the profitable Corporations today and, as predicted, in future (Bellis, 2001). Strengths of IBM Corporation include knowledge, relationships, selling and history. The challenges of the company are based on high quality of products and services. Direct sales force maintains a relationship. Among the weaknesses are high competition and rapidly changing technology market. The innovative PC technology is not cheap and that is why not all the potential customers can afford it today. IBM, in contrast to Dell Corporation, tries to maintain high standards of service proposing and selling (the most important) to its customers high quality products. Taking into account his vision of the company, it is possible to say that central planning and negotiating inputs from might have gone, but there remained the assumption that some other agency would solve the problems: an assumption the CEO himself appeared to share. All of this was taking place within a structure which remained hierarchical, with little involvement of junior management or the workforce, who believed that their product could only sell locally and clung to the assumption that they could sell everything they could produce. All of the IBM leaders participate in the change